Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation to Improve the Vitamin D Status of Breast-fed Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Volume 88, Issue 12 , Pages 1378-1387, December 2013
Sara S. Oberhelman, MD Oberhelman.sara at mayo.edu, Michael E. Meekins, PharmD, Philip R. Fischer, MD , Bernard R. Lee, PharmD , Ravinder J. Singh, PhD , Stephen S. Cha, MS , Brian M. Gardner, PharmD , John M. Pettifor, MB, BCh, PhD , Ivana T. Croghan, PhD , Tom D. Thacher, MD
Objective: To determine whether a single monthly supplement is as effective as a daily maternal supplement in increasing breast milk vitamin D to achieve vitamin D sufficiency in their infants.
Patients and Methods: Forty mothers with exclusively breast-fed infants were randomized to receive oral cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)
- 5000 IU/d for 28 days or
- 150,000 IU once.
Maternal serum, breast milk, and urine were collected on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28; infant serum was obtained on days 0 and 28. Enrollment occurred between January 7, 2011, and July 29, 2011.
Results: In mothers given daily cholecalciferol, concentrations of serum and breast milk cholecalciferol attained steady levels of 18 and 8 ng/mL, respectively, from day 3 through 28. In mothers given the single dose, serum and breast milk cholecalciferol peaked at 160 and 40 ng/mL, respectively, at day 1 before rapidly declining. Maternal milk and serum cholecalciferol concentrations were related (r=0.87).
Infant mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration increased from
- 17±13 to 39±6 ng/mL in the single-dose group and from
- 16±12 to 39±12 ng/mL in the daily-dose group (P=.88).
All infants achieved serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of more than 20 ng/mL.
Conclusion: Either single-dose or daily-dose cholecalciferol supplementation of mothers provided breast milk concentrations that result in vitamin D sufficiency in breast-fed infants.
clinicaltrials.gov NCT01240265
Summaries by VitaminDWiki
Peaks of single dose were 4X less in breast milk
| Serum | 160 ng | |
| Breast milk | 40 ng | |
| Dose to mother | Infant @ 30 days | |
| 5,000 IU daily | 39.2 ng | |
| 150,000 IU monthly | 38.7 ng | |
See also VitaminDWiki
- breastfed OR breastfeeding 1350 items as of Sept 2017
- Proof that Vitamin D Works 81 proofs as of Sept 2017
- Overview Pregnancy and vitamin D
- Breastfeeding mother getting 6400 IU of Vitamin D is similar to infant getting 400 IU – RCT Sept 2015
- Take vitamin D3 daily, weekly, or bi-weekly has the following notional chart for > 50 ng (in mother)
Healthy pregnancies need lots of vitamin D has the following summary
Most were taking 2,000 to 7,000 IU daily for >50% of pregnancy
Click on hyperlinks for details
Problem | Vit. D Reduces | Evidence |
| 0. Chance of not conceiving | 3.4 times | Observe |
| 1. Miscarriage | 2.5 times | Observe |
| 2. Pre-eclampsia | 3.6 times | RCT |
| 3. Gestational Diabetes | 3 times | RCT |
| 4. Good 2nd trimester sleep quality | 3.5 times | Observe |
| 5. Premature birth | 2 times | RCT |
| 6. C-section - unplanned | 1.6 times | Observe |
| Stillbirth - OMEGA-3 | 4 times | RCT - Omega-3 |
| 7. Depression AFTER pregnancy | 1.4 times | RCT |
| 8. Small for Gestational Age | 1.6 times | meta-analysis |
| 9. Infant height, weight, head size within normal limits | RCT | |
| 10. Childhood Wheezing | 1.3 times | RCT |
| 11. Additional child is Autistic | 4 times | Intervention |
| 12.Young adult Multiple Sclerosis | 1.9 times | Observe |
| 13. Preeclampsia in young adult | 3.5 times | RCT |
| 14. Good motor skills @ age 3 | 1.4 times | Observe |
| 15. Childhood Mite allergy | 5 times | RCT |
| 16. Childhood Respiratory Tract visits | 2.5 times | RCT |
RCT = Randomized Controlled Trial
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